Cystitis

Additional information

Understanding cystitis: causes, symptoms, and treatment

Cystitis is a common type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that primarily affects the bladder, causing inflammation and pain. This condition can lead to an array of uncomfortable symptoms, including a burning sensation during urination, a frequent and urgent need to pee, and even cloudy or blood-tinged urine. While it can be incredibly uncomfortable, the good news is that cystitis is usually treatable with the right approach.

What is cystitis?

Cystitis is a bacterial infection of the urinary tract or bladder, often referred to as a bladder infection or UTI. It occurs when bacteria, typically from the anus, enter the urinary tract through the urethra and travel up to the bladder, leading to infection and inflammation. Our bodies are just teeming with bacteria, in fact some would argue that there are more bacteria in the body than our own cells. Different bacteria live in different parts of the body and in these areas the body has learnt how to form a symbiotic relationship. However, when these bacteria are transported to a different post code in the body where it has not encountered these bacteria, then all hell breaks loose. These invading bacteria start to reproduce in an area that is not used to dealing with these particular bacteria. That’s what happens in cystitis when bacteria from the gut, E coli is transported to the urethra.

Common causes of cystitis

The most frequent cause of cystitis is the bacterium E. coli. This bacteria can enter the urinary tract during activities such as sexual intercourse, improper wiping after using the toilet (wiping back to front), or the use of certain feminine hygiene products, such as tampons or contraceptive diaphragms. Additionally, cystitis can be triggered by factors like urinary tract blockages, catheter use, and certain medical conditions that compromise the urinary system.

Women are particularly susceptible to cystitis due to their shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to reach the bladder more easily. It is estimated that nearly all women will experience cystitis at least once in their lifetime, with about 20% experiencing recurrent episodes. This is why it realtively uncommon in men and why such instances of cystitis like symptoms in men should be referred to their GP’s.

Recognising the symptoms of cystitis

Common symptoms of cystitis include:

• Burning or stinging pain during urination: This is often the most noticeable symptom.
• Frequent urination: Feeling the urge to urinate often, even if only small amounts of urine are produced.
• Lower abdominal pain: Discomfort or pain behind the pubic bone or in the lower back.
• Changes in urine: Cloudy, strong-smelling, or blood-tinged urine.

In more severe cases, symptoms might also include:

• Intense pain in the lower back or sides: This could indicate that the infection has spread to the kidneys.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Fever: A temperature over 38°C.
• Blood in the urine.

If any of these more serious symptoms occur, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately, as they could indicate a more severe infection, such as pyelonephritis (kidney infection). This is because the infection has tracked up from the bladder to the kidneys, where an infection is far more serious.

Diagnosing cystitis

If you experience cystitis for the first time or have severe symptoms, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis. Women who have had cystitis before and recognise the symptoms may self-diagnose, but should still consult a doctor if the infection occurs more than three times in a year, if they are pregnant, or if they experience severe symptoms such as fever or blood in the urine.

A GP can diagnose cystitis based on your symptoms and medical history. If necessary, they may take a urine sample to test for the presence of bacteria and confirm the diagnosis. This is especially important since the symptoms of cystitis can resemble those of other conditions, such as vaginal thrush or sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Effective treatments for cystitis

For mild cases of cystitis, you can manage symptoms at home with the following treatments:

• Urine alkalizing sachets: Products like Cymalon or Cystopurin help neutralize the acidity of urine, reducing the burning sensation when you urinate. However, recent evidence that these may not be as effective as originally thouught and can interact with some of the antibiotics prescribed for cystitis.
• Over-the-counter painkillers: Paracetamol or ibuprofen can alleviate discomfort and reduce inflammation.
• Antibiotics: For more persistent or severe cases, antibiotics such as Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) or Trimethoprim can be prescribed. These are effective in clearing the infection, usually within 3 days. If symptoms do not improve after completing a course of antibiotics, further medical consultation is necessary.

Preventing cystitis

To reduce the risk of developing cystitis or to prevent recurrent infections, consider the following lifestyle adjustments:

• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help flush bacteria out of the urinary system.
• Practice good hygiene: Always wipe from front to back after using the toilet to avoid spreading bacteria.
• Urinate after sex: This helps to flush out any bacteria that may have been introduced during intercourse.
• Avoid irritants: Steer clear of scented soaps, bubble baths, and feminine hygiene products that can irritate the urinary tract.
• Wear breathable underwear: Opt for cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothes that can trap moisture.

When to seek medical help

If your symptoms do not improve within 3 days, worsen, or you experience severe symptoms such as high fever, vomiting, or blood in your urine, it’s crucial to see a doctor. Men, children, and the elderly should always consult a GP if they suspect they have cystitis, as it may indicate a more serious underlying issue.

Can you order cystitis treatment online?

Yes, you can conveniently order cystitis treatment online through MedicalMojo.co.uk. We offer a range of treatments, including antibiotics like Nitrofurantoin and Trimethoprim. Simply complete a confidential medical consultation, and one of our UK-registered prescribers will review your case to ensure the treatment is suitable for you. Approved orders will be dispatched quickly, with free next-day delivery to your doorstep.